Understanding harmful self-inflicted actions
Understanding Self-Destructive Behavior: A Look at Common Types and Causes
Self-destructive behavior is a complex issue that can take many forms. Here are some common types: self-injury such as cutting or burning, substance abuse including alcohol and drug misuse, procrastination and avoidance behaviors, comfort eating or other forms of unhealthy coping, self-sabotage in personal or professional domains, and suicidal thoughts and attempts.
These behaviors often serve as maladaptive coping mechanisms for intense emotional pain, feelings of emptiness, or mental health disorders like Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), particularly the self-destructive subtype characterized by self-harm and suicidal behavior.
The roots of self-destructive behavior are deeply intertwined with psychological, emotional, social, and environmental factors. Common causes or contributing factors include psychological conditions like BPD, depression, or trauma-related disorders; unresolved emotional issues or past trauma; impulsivity or personality traits such as negative interpretation of events; relationship conflicts and fear of abandonment; feeling overwhelmed by stressors like work pressures, financial difficulties, or major life changes; exposure to unhealthy role models or societal norms that condone aggression; and a need to cope with intense feelings of emptiness, hopelessness, or emotional pain.
It's important to note that self-destructive behavior may or may not be associated with suicidal intent. In some cases, it could be a way to deal with difficult emotions, a form of punishing the self for perceived imperfections or mistakes, or a sign of extreme emotional distress, particularly among younger individuals.
In mild or moderate cases, individuals may receive psychotherapy to develop coping strategies and manage negative thoughts and behaviors. In extreme cases, a hospital stay may be necessary. People with low levels of emotional intelligence may have a higher risk of engaging in self-destructive behavior. Those living with borderline personality disorder or depression have a high potential for engaging in self-harm.
In one study, researchers found that individuals living with anorexia reported self-injurious behavior in the last month, and these individuals had longer histories of treatment than individuals who did not self-harm. Another study from 2020 found that depressed participants experienced more frequent negative thinking than those without depression.
Mental health professionals base their diagnosis for self-harm on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR). NSSI (Non-suicidal self-injury) involves self-harming behaviors that cause injuries of moderate intensity and may be a sign of serious distress and challenges. Self-destructive behavior involves actions that cause harm to oneself, including cutting skin, pulling hair, punching, burning, bruising, neglecting responsibilities, heavy use of drugs or alcohol, gambling, and having unprotected sex.
Recognizing these patterns is crucial for effective intervention. If you or someone you know is engaging in self-destructive behavior, it's important to seek help from a healthcare professional who can help pinpoint the causes of the behavior and develop a treatment plan that includes more effective coping skills.
Knowing the signs of self-destructive behavior can help friends and family members support a loved one. These signs may include unexplained scarring, fresh cuts or bruises, impulsive behavior, neglecting responsibilities, and expressing helplessness. Most of the individuals who reported self-harming behavior had a secondary mental health condition.
If you or someone you know is struggling with self-destructive behavior, remember that help is available. Reach out to a healthcare professional today.
- Mental health disorders like Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), depression, or trauma-related disorders can lead to self-destructive behavior, particularly the self-destructive subtype characterized by self-harm and suicidal behavior.
- The science of psychology has identified self-destructive behavior as a complex issue intertwined with psychological, emotional, social, and environmental factors, with causes including unresolved emotional issues, personality traits, relationship conflicts, and societal norms that condone aggression.
- Healthcare professionals, such as psychiatrists and mental health experts, use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR) to diagnose self-harm and develop treatment plans involving more effective coping skills.
- In the realm of health-and-wellness, understanding self-destructive behavior and its causes is essential for friends, family, and mental health professionals to recognize the warning signs and provide appropriate support to those struggling with this issue.
