Thumb Joint's Unique Structure Crucial for Hand Function
The thumb joint, also known as the first carpometacarpal (CMC) joint, is a complex structure that plays a crucial role in hand function. It's reinforced by two sesamoid bones and features unique ligaments, making it distinct from the finger joints.
Each hand contains nine interphalangeal joints, two on each finger and one in the thumb. The thumb joint's volar surface is strengthened by two cartilage-covered sesamoid bones, enhancing leverage and reducing hypertension compared to the fingers. This joint's collateral ligaments, including the anterior and posterior ligaments, facilitate flexion and extension parallel to the palm. Notably, the ulnar side of the thumb joint is particularly prone to trauma, as research by surgeons like Markus Loibl, Michael J. Kimmerle, and Andreas B. Imhoff has shown.
Unlike finger joints, the thumb's joint capsule has a smaller articular surface on the metacarpal head, allowing for less movement but greater mobility. During flexion, the metacarpal also rotates medially.
Understanding the thumb joint's unique structure and mobility is vital for diagnosing and treating injuries, particularly on the ulnar side. Its distinct features, such as the sesamoid bones and collateral ligaments, contribute to the hand's dexterity and grip strength.
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