Nabothian cyst explanation: Understand causes, symptoms, potential problems, and treatment options
Nabothian cysts, also known as nabothian follicles, epithelial inclusion cysts, or mucinous retention cysts, are common in females, particularly those who have given birth. These cysts form when the mucous glands of the cervix become obstructed, leading to mucus accumulation within these glands.
Typically, nabothian cysts are benign and asymptomatic, causing no issues for the majority of people. However, when they become large, they can potentially interfere with fertility, cervical function, and even cause discomfort.
Large nabothian cysts, often referred to as giant cysts, can measure up to 4 centimeters in size. They can physically block the cervical opening, potentially obstructing sperm transport or altering the cervical mucus environment, which might complicate natural conception. In assisted reproductive technology (ART), large cysts may also complicate procedures like embryo transfer by altering cervical anatomy or creating access issues.
Moreover, giant cysts can mimic malignancy on imaging and require thorough evaluation through ultrasound, MRI, and biopsy to confirm their benign nature. In rare cases, large nabothian cysts can cause genital prolapse.
If a person has a nabothian cyst larger than 1 cm in diameter, they should consult a gynecologist. Symptoms such as pelvic pain, a full or heavy feeling in the vagina, and irregular periods may indicate a larger cyst. In some cases, these cysts can rupture and cause unusual discharge or odor from the vagina.
Fortunately, the outlook is very positive for nabothian cysts. Most people do not experience any symptoms and do not require treatment. However, regular cervical examinations are essential to monitor the cysts' size and potential impact on fertility or cervical function.
A doctor may use electrocautery or cryotherapy to remove a nabothian cyst if necessary. In more complex cases, a surgical removal may be required. It is important to note that nabothian cysts are not a sign of cervical cancer.
However, if someone experiences painful cramps during menstruation, prolonged or heavier menstruation than usual, bleeding during or after sex, and watery vaginal discharge, they may be suffering from adenoma malignum, a different condition that requires medical attention.
In conclusion, while nabothian cysts are generally benign and asymptomatic, larger ones can potentially interfere with fertility or cervical function. Regular check-ups with a gynecologist are crucial for early detection and management of any potential complications.
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