Link Between Breast and Ovarian Cancer: Identified Risk Factors
Breast and ovarian cancer share a intricate connection, primarily due to shared genetic factors. Genetic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes play a significant role in this connection, increasing an individual's risk of both cancers.
Individuals with these genetic mutations may have an enhanced risk of developing both breast and ovarian cancer. In fact, research indicates that individuals who have had breast cancer might be twice as likely to develop subsequent primary ovarian cancer. Similarly, those with ovarian cancer may experience a 1.6-fold increased risk of developing breast cancer later on, although the actual risk varies depending on the time since the initial diagnosis.
It's important to note that those with a history of ovarian cancer may also face an increased risk of developing breast cancer. This risk could be associated with genetic mutations.
Besides genetic mutations, common shared risk factors for both cancers may include:
- a family history of either cancer
- older age, with ovarian cancer typically occurring in people over 40 years and breast cancer in those ages 55 years or older
- overweight or obesity
- having a first child after the age of 30
- never having children
- not breastfeeding
- hormone therapy after menopause
To better manage these risks, people can adopt healthy lifestyle changes by maintaining a moderate weight, regularly exercising, reducing alcohol intake, and discussing contraception options with their doctors. Genetic testing for BRCA1, BRCA2, and other relevant mutations can also prove beneficial for monitoring and prevention strategies.
Those who carry genetic mutations may require additional options such as prophylactic surgeries. These procedures involve removing organs or tissues to prevent the occurrence or spread of cancer.
Incorporating regular screenings, such as mammograms, breast MRI scans, pelvic exams, transvaginal ultrasounds, and CA-125 blood tests, can help in early detection and prompt treatment.
Owing to the strong link between breast and ovarian cancer, it's crucial for individuals with a history of either cancer to remain vigilant for signs of recurrence or a second cancer.
A 2020 observational study suggests that people with both primary breast cancer and primary ovarian cancer have a relatively favorable outlook, with 5- and 10-year overall survival rates of around 90%. However, ovarian cancer following breast cancer tends to involve diagnosis at a later stage, which can negatively affect survival. A person's age during their first cancer diagnosis and the time between the two cancers are significant predictors of overall survival.
If someone wants more information about their individual outlook or has questions about their risk factors, signs, and symptoms, they can speak with their healthcare team.
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- Individuals with genetic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes face an enhanced risk of developing both breast and ovarian cancer.
- Research indicates that people who have had breast cancer may be twice as likely to develop subsequent primary ovarian cancer.
- Those with a history of ovarian cancer may also have an increased risk of developing breast cancer, potentially due to shared genetic factors.
- Common shared risk factors for both breast and ovarian cancer include a family history of either cancer, older age, overweight/obesity, never having children, not breastfeeding, and hormone therapy after menopause.
- Adopting healthy lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a moderate weight, regularly exercising, reducing alcohol intake, and discussing contraception options with doctors, can help manage these risks.
- Genetic testing for BRCA1, BRCA2, and other relevant mutations can provide valuable information for monitoring and prevention strategies and may lead to additional options such as prophylactic surgeries.
