Link Between ADHD and Alcohol: Exploring the Connection and Potential Dangers
In a 2017 review, it was revealed that having ADHD in childhood significantly increases the risk of developing substance-related disorders, particularly alcohol use disorders. This relationship, while complex, is a pressing concern that demands our attention.
The evidence suggests a troubling interplay between ADHD, alcohol use, and the worsening of ADHD symptoms. People with ADHD are more likely to engage in alcohol use and substance abuse, which can exacerbate their existing symptoms and complicate treatment.
One of the ways alcohol worsens ADHD symptoms is by increasing impulsivity and risk-taking behaviours. Alcohol can also interfere with concentration and motivation, which are already impaired in ADHD. Drinking alcohol can even mask symptoms or the effects of medications, making it harder for individuals to self-regulate their behaviour.
The interaction between ADHD and alcohol is further complicated by the potential adverse effects on medication. Alcohol can adversely interact with stimulant ADHD medications, such as Adderall and Ritalin. This interaction can potentially increase heart rate and blood pressure, and create problematic metabolites like ethylphenidate when mixed with high doses of Ritalin. Such combinations may increase risks of cardiovascular problems.
Research indicates that 21% of males and boys with ADHD, and 13% of females and girls, abuse alcohol or drugs, often as a form of self-medication due to dopamine deficits associated with ADHD. This increases the risk of developing alcohol use disorder (AUD).
Alcohol use can amplify problems with inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. It also impairs judgment and can increase anxiety and depression, further diminishing ADHD management.
Treating co-occurring ADHD and AUD requires careful monitoring of both disorders simultaneously, as substance abuse can complicate ADHD symptom management, and vice versa.
Some evidence suggests that early alcohol use is linked to increased risk of ADHD symptoms worsening, although the association is stronger with PTSD. Alcohol-related problems, not just consumption frequency, correlate with ADHD severity.
Research is ongoing to determine whether increased alcohol consumption affects the severity of ADHD symptoms. Some studies suggest that atomoxetine may be safe and effective for treating ADHD in people with alcohol dependence.
Depression may occur as a result of the adverse effects ADHD may have on education, occupation, and relationships. It's crucial to remember that alcohol withdrawal can be life-threatening if a person with a history of heavy drinking stops suddenly.
Various mechanisms link ADHD and heavy alcohol use, with "behavioral disinhibition" being a potential risk factor for AUD. There is little evidence to suggest that ADHD medications interact with alcohol or that alcohol worsens ADHD symptoms.
If you or someone you know is struggling with alcohol use, help is available. The SAMHSA helpline can be reached for free at 800-662-HELP (4357). If you have ADHD and are experiencing difficulties with alcohol use, it's essential to speak with a doctor.
Sources: - [1] American Psychiatric Association. (2025). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. - [2] National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2025). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Substance Use Disorders. - [3] National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2025). Alcohol Use Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. - [4] National Institute of Mental Health. (2025). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. - [5] Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2025). Results from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.
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